![]() ![]() ![]() Most studies investigating absorption of T3 in the human circulatory system focused on the plasma content of T3. T as well as T3 are transported within lipoprotein particles while circulating in the blood, but their distribution in lipoproteins has been documented only occasionally. This is most probably one of the reasons why T3 are given a low score for their biological vitamin E activity compared to α-T. Rapid disappearance of these T3 has raised questions about their potential as potent lipid-soluble antioxidant. In comparison to α-T, concentrations of T3 were significantly lower. The detection of T3 in plasma and lipoprotein fractions has proven difficult, possibly due to its low occurrence. Several human studies have investigated the absorption of T3 into circulating plasma and lipoproteins. In comparison to α-T, the metabolic pathways relevant to T3 have hardly been elucidated and optimized. Inter alia, the above issues related to the absorption and biokinetics have been linked to several findings relating the physiological outcomes of T3. The absorption and biokinetics of T3 in humans are however not fully understood. There have been several indications that T3 may result in superior therapeutic properties compared to T. Vitamin E is a recognized antioxidant and thought beneficial for human health. T3 are similar to T in molecular structure, except that they have an isoprenoid tail with three unsaturation points instead of a saturated phytyl chain. Vitamin E is the generic name for a group of 8 plant-derived, lipid soluble substances ("tocols") including four tocopherol (T) and four tocotrienol (T3) derivatives. Although low absorption of T3 into circulation may impact some of their physiological functions in humans, T3 have biological functions well below concentration noted in this study. Conclusionsīio-discrimination between vitamin E isomers in humans reduces the rate of T3 absorption and affects their incorporation into lipoproteins. T3 are detected postprandially only after TRF supplementation and concentrations were significantly lower than α-T. No T3 were detected during fasted states. α-T was the major vitamin E isomer detected in plasma, TRP, LDL, and HDL even after supplementation with TRF (composed of 70% T3). In contrast, α-T peaked at 6 h (30.13 ± 2.91 μM) and 8 h (37.80 ± 3.59 μM) following supplementation with TRF and α-T, respectively. Concentrations of T and T3 isomers in plasma, triacylglycerol-rich particles (TRP), LDL, and HDL were measured at each postprandial interval. Blood was sampled at baseline (fasted) and 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 24 h after supplementation. Ten healthy volunteers (5 males and 5 females) were administered a single dose of vitamin E after 7-d pre-conditioning on a T3-free diet. T3, especially α-T3 is known to be neuropotective at nanomolar concentrations and this study evaluated the postprandial fate of T3 and α-T in plasma and lipoproteins. T3 are detected in circulating human plasma and lipoproteins, although at concentrations significantly lower than α-tocopherol (α-T). If you consistently consume too much vitamin A, you might experience conditions such as liver damage, joint pain, or birth defects.Tocotrienols (T3) and tocopherols (T), both members of the natural vitamin E family have unique biological functions in humans. ![]() "Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin and the excess gets stored in your liver, which makes it easier to overdose on fat-soluble vitamins (excess water-soluble vitamins are expelled through urine). ![]() It's critical that you avoid consuming too much vitamin A, as acute overdose might result in "nausea, vomiting, and vertigo," according to Poon. They could be different in areas where vitamin A deficiency is common." Poon explains that "these values are based on recommendations from the USDA. Poon notes, "This community is advised to be cautious about their vitamin A consumption and avoid vitamin A containing supplements and foods such as liver." According to the USDA, the recommended daily amount of vitamin A for men is between 900 micrograms (mcg or µg). Finally, the USDA recommends between 300 and 700 micrograms (mcg or μg) for children depending on age and sex. Respectively, the recommended daily amount of vitamin A for pregnant women is between 750 and 770 micrograms (mcg or µg), depending on age and trimester. Serena Poon, CN, CHC, CHN, is a celebrity chef, nutritionist, and reiki master, and the founder of Culinary Alchemy as well as Just Add Water.Īccording to the USDA, the recommended daily amount of vitamin A for women is 700 micrograms (mcg or µg).Caroll Lee is a certified health counselor and founder and CEO of Provenance Meals, an organic prepared meal delivery service. ![]()
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